Liste des symboles figurant sur l'étiquette de l'emballage/et leur explication

En medicine une indication en est une raison valide d'y utiliser un certain teste, medicament, proces ou chirurgie.Le contraire d'indication y est contreindication.

A contraindication (pronounced as contra-indication) is a condition or factor that speaks against a certain measure. It is mostly used in medicine, with regard to factors that increase the risks involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure, or engaging in a particular activity. Some contraindications are absolute, meaning that there are no reasonable circumstances for undertaking a course of action. For example, a baby with a fever should never be given aspirin because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, and a person with an anaphylactic food allergy should never eat the food to which they are allergic. Similarly, a person with hemochromatosis should not be administered iron preparations. Other contraindications are relative, meaning that the patient is at higher risk of complications, but that these risks may be outweighed by other considerations or mitigated by other measures. For example, a pregnant woman should normally avoid getting X-rays, but the risk may be far less than the risk of not diagnosing or being able to treat a serious condition such as tuberculosis or a broken bone. Relative contraindications may also be referred to as cautions, such as in the British National Formulary.

Liste des symboles figurant sur l'étiquette de l'emballage/et leur explication

Dans les normes de sécurité des États-Unis, mises en garde sont peines fournissant des informations sur les risques potentiels et les procédures adéquates. Ils sont utilisés dans des situations de produit de consommation sur les étiquettes et les manuels, conduisant à des descriptions des activités physiques. Différentes méthodes sont utilisées pour faire, mise au point comme paramètre mis à part le texte normal, des icônes graphiques, changements dans la police et la couleur du texte. Textes permettra souvent de clarifier les types de déclarations et leurs significations dans le texte. Commune de prudence est décrits ci-dessous.

Dose : quantité dans les domaines suivants : dans le nutrition, médecine et toxicologie: * Dose (biochimie), la quantité de quelque chose qui peut être mangé par ou administré à un organisme ou un organisme pouvant être exposées à en médecine et en toxicologie: * dose absorbée, une quantité de rayonnement reçue * instruments de dosage, le processus de gestion d'une quantité mesurée d'un médicament ou un produit chimique à un objet inanimé ou un animal non humain * dose efficace, la plus petite quantité d'une substance nécessaire pour produire un effet mesurable sur un organisme vivant * dose équivalente, une mesure de la dose de rayonnement aux tissus * la dose maximale tolérée, la dose la plus élevée d'un traitement radiologique ou pharmacologique qui produira l'effet désiré sans toxicité inacceptable. * Dose biologique optimale, la quantité d'un traitement radiologique ou pharmacologique qui produira l'effet désiré avec une toxicité acceptable. * Dose de référence, les États-Unis États Environmental Protection Agency maximale acceptable par voie orale dose d'une substance toxique dose est un synonyme pour la dose de terme biochimique !

In medicine, most medications can be safely used with other medicines, but particular combinations of medicines need to be monitored for interactions, often by the pharmacist. In molecular biology, the knowledge on gene/protein interaction among themselves and with their metabolites is referred to as molecular pathways. Interactions between medications (drug interactions) fall generally into one of two main categories: 1. pharmacodynamic : Involving the actions of the two interacting drugs. 2. pharmacokinetic : Involving the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of one or both of the interacting drugs upon the other. In terms of efficacy, there can be three types of interactions between medications: additive, synergistic, and antagonistic. Additive interaction means the effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken separately. This is usually due to the two chemicals acting on the body in the same way. Examples would be Aspirin and Motrin, Alcohol and Depressant, Tranquilizer and Painkiller. Synergistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate effect at the same doses. An example is Pesticide and Fertilizer, the biological effect is devastating. Antagonistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals is actually less than the sum of the effect of the two drugs taken independently of each other. This is because the second chemical increases the excretion of the first, or even directly blocks its toxic actions. Antagonism forms the basis for antidotes of poisonings.

In medicine, an adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect, and may result from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, which could be due to medical error. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as "iatrogenic" because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects only occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause medical complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function, or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level. It may also be indicated by symptoms reported by a patient. Adverse effects may cause a reversible or irreversible change, including an increase or decrease in the susceptibility of the individual to other chemicals, foods, or procedures, such as drug interactions. In clinical trials, a distinction is made between adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Generally, any event which causes death, permanent damage, birth defects, or requires hospitalization is considered an SAE.[1] The results of these trials are often included in the labeling of the medication to provide information both for patients and the prescribing physicians.

complications qui peuvent arriver apres l'operation

les complications peropératoires, sont des complications, des problèmes au sein de l'opération, problèmes peropératoires.

Complication, in medicine, is an unfavorable evolution of a disease, a health condition or a medical treatment. The disease can become worse in its severity or show a higher number of signs, symptoms or new pathological changes, become widespread throughout the body or affect other organ systems. A medical treatment, such as drugs or surgery may produce adverse effects and/or produce new health problem(s) by itself. A new disease may also appear as a complication to a previous existing disease. Therefore, a complication may be iatrogenic, i.e., literally brought forth by the physician. Medical knowledge about a disease, procedure or treatment usually entails a list of the most common complications, so that they can be foreseen, prevented or recognized more easily and speedily. Depending on the degree of vulnerability, susceptibility, age, health status, immune system condition, etc. complications may arise more easily. Complications affect adversely the prognosis of a disease. Non-invasive and minimally invasive medical procedures usually favor fewer complications in comparison to invasive ones. Examples of complications * Generalized septicemia (infection of the blood) may occur as a complication of an infected wound or abscess * Allergic shock can be a reaction to several kinds of anesthetics, as a complication in a surgery * Fractured ribs and sternum may be a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts in people suffering severe osteoporosis * Puerperal fever may be a common complication of childbirth and used to kill a large proportion of mothers before the advent of antisepsis and antibiotics * Diabetes mellitus may present a series of complications in an advanced or more severe stage, such as gangrene, diabetic foot, blindness, infections, etc. * Thrombosis in the heart or brain, causing stroke or acute myocardial infarction can be complications of blood coagulation disorders, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), endocarditis and artificial heart valves * Eczema vaccinatum is a rare and severe complication of smallpox vaccination in people with eczema * Hepatotoxic dementia is a possible complication of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis * Mental retardation is a common complication of untreated hydrocephalus * A paradoxical reaction to a drug; that is, a reaction that is the opposite to the intended purpose of the drug. An example is benzodiazepines, a class of psychoactive drugs considered minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects; paradoxically they may also create hyperactivity, anxiety, convulsions etc. in susceptible individuals. [1] * Erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence are prevalent to prostatectomy.

L'emballage est la science, l'art et la technologie enfermant, ou protéger des produits pour la distribution, de stockage, de vente et d'utilisation. Emballage mentionne également le processus de conception, d'évaluation et production d'emballages. Emballage peut être décrit comme un système coordonné de préparation des marchandises pour le transport, entreposage, logistique, vente et utilisation finale. Emballage contient, protège, conserve, transporte, informe et vend.[1] Dans de nombreux pays, il est entièrement intégré dans gouvernement, entreprises, institutionnel, industriel et de personnel.

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