- Settore: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
A solvent used with water to break the emulsion of an oil-base or synthetic-base drilling fluid to prepare the sample for chemical titrations to determine lime, calcium or chloride content according to API testing procedures. PNP is an abbreviation for propylene glycol normal propyl ether. It is an environmentally friendlier replacement of a xylene-isopropynol mixture previously used in certain titrations.
Industry:Oil & gas
A solution that could contain more solute than is presently dissolved in it. In brines, an undersaturated solution will not form crystals as easily as if it were saturated or supersaturated. In saltwater muds, an under-saturated fluid is used to allow salt to leach into the mud, keeping the hole from closing in on the drilling assembly. For moisture in air, a relative humidity of less than 100% is under-saturated.
Industry:Oil & gas
A solution that contains as much dissolved materials as it can hold at a given temperature. Precipitation of some components will likely occur if a more soluble compound is introduced or if the temperature is changed.
Industry:Oil & gas
A solid or gel in a workover or drilling fluid that blocks off permeable zones to prevent loss of fluid into those permeable zones or to protect those zones from damage. The plugging may be temporary or permanent.
Industry:Oil & gas
A small-diameter tungsten carbide nozzle used in drill bits to produce a high-velocity drilling fluid stream exiting the bit.
Industry:Oil & gas
A small volume or pill of fluid placed in a wellbore annulus to free differentially stuck pipe. Oil-base mud is the traditional stuck-pipe spotting fluid. Speed in mixing and placing the spot is of primary importance to successfully freeing pipe. Because of concern about mud disposal, spots used offshore are either synthetic-based emulsions or benign water-base formulations. Each type is supplied as prepackaged concentrate designed for rapid access and mixing at the rig. A spot frees pipe by covering the stuck region. It presumably breaks up the filter cake, allowing the spot to migrate into cracks in the cake and between the pipe and the cake, reducing the stuck area and allowing pipe to be pulled free.
Industry:Oil & gas
A slang term for a globule of partly hydrated polymer caused by poor dispersion during the mixing process (commonly a result of adding the product too fast). Fish eyes are typically 0. 2 to 0. 5 inches in size and consist of a granule of unhydrated polymer surrounded by a gelatinous covering of hydrated polymer, which prevents water from entering to complete the hydration process. Thus, once formed, fish eyes do not disperse and the product is removed on the shaker screens and wasted.
Industry:Oil & gas
A short length of pipe used to connect two joints of casing. A casing coupling has internal threads (female threadform) machined to match the external threads (male threadform) of the long joints of casing. The two joints of casing are threaded into opposite ends of the casing coupling.
Industry:Oil & gas
A small pit, typically located immediately after the shaker screens, which is used as a settling pit to separate coarser solids that accidentally bypass the shakers. Mud enters the pit at one side and exits via an overflow at the other. Sand traps are dumped periodically to remove the settled solids, or alternatively the contents can be processed over a fine screen or with a centrifuge.
Industry:Oil & gas
