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Tate Britain
Settore: Art history
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在繪畫和雕塑的生物形態形式或圖像是那些而抽象的不過,請參閱,或喚起生活形式,如植物和人類的身體。一詞來自希臘字 bios、 生命的意義,和 morphe、 含義形式相結合。生物形態似乎進入了 20 世紀 30 年代來描述的更抽象類別型的超現實主義繪畫中的意象和特別是在工作的瓊米羅和吉恩 Arp (見自動) 雕塑周圍的用途。亨利 · 摩爾和芭芭拉 Hepworth 也產生一些精湛稱為 biomorphs,在當時和以後也是如此路易絲資產階級分子。
Industry:Art history
生物藝術使用生物技術作為其介質。生物藝術的創作成為演化的一部分,並且能繁殖,條件是它們可以最後,只要在地球上存在生命。他們提出未來的生活、 演化、 社會和藝術的問題。目前的生物藝術的主要方面是遺傳藝術,以出生在巴西的演出者愛德華多 · 科航,在 2000 年轉基因綠色螢光兔為代表。科學家們繼續到生物技術的開創性工作,演出者亦正試行細胞和組織培養和神經生理學。一個示例是耳朵的基於澳大利亞雙核處理器 Oron 過毆打和 Ionat Zurr 曾嘗試增長季度分攤比額表副本的一位演出者人。
Industry:Art history
In the art context biennial has come to mean a large international exhibition held every two years. The first was the Venice Biennale in 1895, which was situated in the Giardini, a public park, and now houses thirty permanent national pavilions and many smaller temporary structures. The early years were dominated by European art, but the exhibition now includes contributions from countries in South America, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The late twentieth century saw a dramatic increase in biennials and by 2007 there were some fifty across the world, including the Beijing Biennial, the Liverpool Biennial, the Prague Biennale, the São Paulo Bienal and the Sharjah Biennial in The Gulf. This explosion of large-scale international art exhibitions mirrors the financial boom in international art buying.
Industry:Art history
The Beaux Arts Gallery in London was run by the painter Helen Lessore from 1951-65. (There is no connection with the present London gallery of the same name. ) She made it a major venue for contemporary realist painting. From 1952-4 she gave solo exhibitions to four young realist painters John Bratby, Derrick Greaves, Edward Middleditch and Jack Smith, who had all known each other at the Royal College of Art. They became known as the Beaux Arts Quartet, and from December 1954, were celebrated as the Kitchen Sink painters, a term referring to their often grittily domestic subject matter. In 1956 the Beaux Arts Quartet were selected to represent Britain at the Venice Biennale, together with Ivon Hitchens and Lynn Chadwick. Other artists associated with the Beaux Arts Gallery included David Bomberg, Raymond Mason, John Lessore, Francis Bacon, Lucian Freud, Michael Andrews, Frank Auerbach, Leon Kossoff, Euan Uglow, Myles Murphy and Craigie Aitchison.
Industry:Art history
在建築、 繪畫和雕塑,在高度從 c.1630-80 在羅馬,但整個歐洲地區有影響力的高度情感樣式。最大指數: 雕塑家和建築師貝爾尼尼在羅馬,和歐洲北部,魯本斯,為查理斯 (斯圖爾特) 在宴會大廳裡在倫敦是仍在地方做其天花板裝飾。魯本斯的偉大的學生范戴克在英國 1632年 1641年死亡作為查理斯的宮廷畫家。英國的追隨者多布森、 式、 Huysmans、 耐勒和畫家的牆壁和天花板裝飾 Verrio 和桑希爾等。
Industry:Art history
Originally a French term, meaning in English, vanguard or advance guard (the part of an army that goes forward ahead of the rest). Applied to art, means that which is in the forefront, is innovatory, which introduces and explores new forms and in some cases new subject matter. In this sense the term first appeared in France in the first half of the nineteenth century and is usually credited to the influential thinker Henri de Saint-Simon, one of the forerunners of socialism. He believed in the social power of the arts and saw artists, alongside scientists and industrialists, as the leaders of a new society. In 1825 he wrote: 'We artists will serve you as an avant-garde' the power of the arts is most immediate: when we want to spread new ideas we inscribe them on marble or canvas' What a magnificent destiny for the arts is that of exercising a positive power over society, a true priestly function and of marching in the van (i. E. Vanguard) of all the intellectual faculties!' Avant-garde art can be said to begin in the 1850s with the Realism of Gustave Courbet, who was strongly influenced by early socialist ideas. This was followed by the successive movements of modern art, and the term avant-garde is more or less synonymous with modern. Some avant-grade movements such as Cubism for example have focused mainly on innovations of form, others such as Futurism, De Stijl or Surrealism have had strong social programmes. The notion of the avant-garde enshrines the idea that art should be judged primarily on the quality and originality of the artists vision and ideas.
Industry:Art history
中央方法的超現實主義。這一運動發起了 1924 年在巴黎出版的安德列 · 列塔尼語,在超現實主義宣言 》 中的法國詩人。他是精神分析的創始人佛洛德的思想受到的強烈影響。自動是自由協會,佛洛德用於探索他的病人的潛意識心理的方法相同。在這份宣言,不列塔尼實際上定義的超現實主義作為 ' 純淨通靈自動 — — 在所有的沒有思想的聽寫控制行使由原因和外部所有道德或審美關注。目的是不自覺的頭腦從訪問材料。最早的例子是自動不列塔尼和其他人,生產的只作為可能不管彈簧記迅速寫下的文字。超現實主義的拼貼畫,發明的 Max Ernst,是第一個表單的視覺自動,他一起把圖像剪輯從雜誌、 產品目錄、 書籍插圖、 廣告和其他來源以創建一個奇怪的新現實。在繪畫中的各種形式的自動然後開發了由演出者米羅、 馬尾松、 安永等。後來它導致狹鱈抽象表現主義和其他人,在藝術品和 Arte Nucleare 的歐洲運動中的重要組成部分。
Industry:Art history
在 1960 年代初期由演出者 Gustav Metzger 發明一詞和放入迴圈由他條 '機、 自動創意和 Auto-destructive 藝術' 中的方舟 》 雜誌 1962 年的夏天問題從 1959 年他取得了工作的噴塗到床單的尼龍上酸作為抗議反對核武器。程式製作迅速改變形狀之前都被消耗尼龍製成,這樣的工作是同時自動創意和 auto-destructive。在 1966 年 Metzger 和其他人舉辦藝術學術研討會在倫敦的破壞。其次是在紐約的另一種在 1968 年。專題討論會陪同 Auto-Destructive 藝術包括燃燒 Skoob 塔由約翰 · 萊瑟姆向公眾展示。這些是塔的書 (skoob 是在背面書) 和萊瑟姆的意圖是以證明直接他認為,西方文化被燒光了。在 1960 年瑞士演出者吉恩 Tinguely 做出了第一個他的自毀機雕塑,向梅 à 紐約,毆打本身到件雕塑園在紐約現代藝術博物館。
Industry:Art history
他有影響力的 1936年雜文 ' 藝術作品在機械複製時代 ',使用由沃爾特 · 本傑明在一詞它被標識為不能通過機械複製,例如攝影傳達圖稿的組成部分的品質。
Industry:Art history
具有不同的含義,作為一個名詞和動詞。在藝術 (名詞) 的屬性是物件或與特定人物相關的動物。最常用的屬性是那些古希臘諸神。例如鴿子,鳥類與愛,關聯是愛的女神,阿芙羅狄蒂或金星的特性。所以女性裸體與一隻鴿子或鴿子可能確定為金星。稱為七弦琴的古樂器是阿波羅的一個屬性,音樂和藝術之神。弓和箭和/或一支矛,與獵犬,是戴安娜,是著名的狩獵女神的特性。她也是女神的月亮,所以經常有新月在她的頭髮。屬性 (動詞) 一件藝術作品是要表明它可能是由特定的演出者,雖然有沒有確鑿的證據,為此。工作在泰特集合的完美地說明了兩個意思是法國學校工作,阿波羅。這包括阿波羅的主要屬性的七弦琴,但也一些附屬屬性 (例如陽光背後 (他也被稱為是太陽神的) 他的頭,他戴月桂花環和中左上角,這是藝術的物件 — — 雕塑在他們之中。這幅畫在不同的時候被歸於畫家安東尼奧 · Verrio、 路易 Chéron 和尼古拉斯 de Largillière。
Industry:Art history