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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
A comprehensive information system containing statistical information on rainfall clmiatology and variation with the ENSO cycle for almost 300 Pacific islands.
Industry:Earth science
A computer system that takes RADARSAT SAR images of Arctic sea ice for input and creates geophysical data products for output. These include sea ice motion, the thickness distribution of new ice, and the backscatter history of the ice.
Industry:Earth science
A concept defined differently in the fields of tidal analysis and geodesy. In tidal analysis, MSL means the still water level averaged over a period of time such as a month or year so periodic changes in sea level due to, e.g. the tides, are also averaged out. MSL values are measured with respect to the level of benchmarks on land, and as such a change in an MSL can result from either a real change in sea level or a change in the height of the land on which the tide gauge is located (e.g. from isostatic rebound). In geodesy, MSL usually means the local height of the global Mean Sea Surface (MSS) above a level reference surface called the geoid.
Industry:Earth science
A concept originally developed as a diagnostic tool for studying the interaction between eddies and the zonal–mean flow in the atmosphere. The Eliassen–Palm flux vector is used to represent eddy momentum and heat transport in such a way that the total eddy–inducing forcing is the divergence of the Eliassen–Palm flux. It can also be used to provide information about wave activity for quasigeostrophic flows, with this application relying on the equality between the divergence of the flux and the eddy potential vorticity flux under the quasigeostrophic approximation.
Industry:Earth science
A concept used in the parameterization of turbulent transport processes. According the this model, fluid masses called eddies, distinguishable from the ambient fluid, spring into existence in some undefined way and then, after moving unchanged over a certain path length, become indistinguishable from the surrounding fluid. This path length, over which the eddy mixes with the surrounding fluid, is called the mixing length. This model is analogous to the mean free path of a molecule or atom between collisions.
Industry:Earth science
A condition that can exist in strongly stratified estuaries with net circulation out in the upper layer and net circulation in in the lower layer. This limits the amount of salt water available for mixing inside the estuary. This condition begins as mixing proceeds within the estuary by whatever processes are dominant. The mixing causes more salt water to be added to the net circulation and volume flow out of the estuary up to a critical condition past which any more increased mixing has no further effect on the discharge flow or the exiting salinity.
Industry:Earth science
A consequence of smoothing a time series with a low-pass filter. In a relatively short time series, even purely random fluctuations can give the impression of there being significant quasi-cyclic fluctuations present if they are smoothed by some sort of running mean. This is name for two statisticians who demonstrated in 1927 that some trade cycles that had been apparently discovered in some 19th century data could be reproduced from a series of random numbers.
Industry:Earth science
A consortium consisting of MIT, JPL and SIO formed under the NOPP and funded by NSF, NASA and ONR. The consortium intends to bring ocean state estimation from its current experimental status to that of a practical and quasi–operational tool for studying large–scale ocean dynamics, designing observational strategies, and examining the ocean’s role in climate variability. The central goal is the production and evaluatino of continuing 3–D estimates of the global state of the ocean, and the main task is to bring together a global GCM with existing global data streams to obtain the best possible estimate of the time–evolving ocean circulation and related uncertainties.
Industry:Earth science
A consortium of U.S. academic institutions for organizing the collective capabilities of the individual oceanographic institutions on research planning and management of the ocean sciences. JOI was established as a private, non–profit organization in 1976.
Industry:Earth science
A conventional value for the acceleration due to gravity, adopted for the sake of uniformity. The value adopted by the WMO is 980.665 cm/sec2.
Industry:Earth science
